Mapo Tofu

Silken tofu in a red, numbing sauce built on fermented chilli bean paste. Minced mushrooms do the job the pork usually does.

Prep
15m
Cook
20m
Total
35m
Serves
4 with rice
Effort
Moderate
Scale
4 with rice
Units

Method

Tap a step number to mark it done. Tap an ingredient once for got it, twice for need it.

Mapo Tofu — recipe grid
3 tbsp Fry the bean paste until the oil runs red 4m Low heat. Doubanjiang scorches fast and turns bitter. Slide in the tofu and simmer 4 minutes without stirring 6m Push it around with the back of a ladle, never a spatula. Thicken with the slurry in two additions until the sauce coats a spoon 3m Two small additions, boiling between them. One big pour gives you glue. Off the heat, shower with ground Sichuan pepper and spring onion 1m Grinding the pepper at the last moment keeps the tingle. Pre-ground goes flat within days.
2 tbsp
1 tbsp
4 cloves
1 tbsp
1 tsp
250 g Brown the mushrooms hard until they squeak and dry out 8m They must lose their water and take colour or the sauce tastes thin.
1 tbsp
1 tsp
600 g Steep the tofu in hot salted water for 10 minutes 10m Firms the surface and seasons it from the outside in.
1 litre
1 tsp
250 ml
1 tbsp
1 tsp
1 tbsp
2 tsp
4
1 tbsp
Read left to right: ingredients merge into steps, and the rightmost cell is the last thing you do. Steps account for 32m of hands-on and cooking time.
  1. Fry the bean paste until the oil runs red

    4m
    • neutral oil 3 tbsp
    • doubanjiang 2 tbsp
    • fermented black beans 1 tbsp
    • garlic 4 cloves
    • ginger 1 tbsp
    • ground dried chilli (optional) 1 tsp

    Low heat. Doubanjiang scorches fast and turns bitter.

  2. Brown the mushrooms hard until they squeak and dry out

    8m
    • shiitake or king oyster mushrooms 250 g
    • neutral oil 1 tbsp
    • dark soy sauce 1 tsp

    They must lose their water and take colour or the sauce tastes thin.

  3. Steep the tofu in hot salted water for 10 minutes

    10m
    • silken or soft tofu 600 g
    • just-boiled water 1 litre
    • salt 1 tsp

    Firms the surface and seasons it from the outside in.

  4. Slide in the tofu and simmer 4 minutes without stirring

    6m
    • from 1 Fry the bean paste until the oil runs red
    • from 2 Brown the mushrooms hard until they squeak and dry out
    • from 3 Steep the tofu in hot salted water for 10 minutes
    • vegetable stock 250 ml
    • light soy sauce 1 tbsp
    • sugar 1 tsp

    Push it around with the back of a ladle, never a spatula.

  5. Thicken with the slurry in two additions until the sauce coats a spoon

    3m
    • from 4 Slide in the tofu and simmer 4 minutes without stirring
    • cornflour 1 tbsp

    Two small additions, boiling between them. One big pour gives you glue.

  6. Off the heat, shower with ground Sichuan pepper and spring onion

    1m
    • from 5 Thicken with the slurry in two additions until the sauce coats a spoon
    • Sichuan peppercorns 2 tsp
    • spring onion greens 4
    • chilli oil (optional) 1 tbsp

    Grinding the pepper at the last moment keeps the tingle. Pre-ground goes flat within days.

Why the tofu gets a salt bath

Soft tofu is mostly water held in a fragile protein gel, and dropping it cold into a boiling sauce shocks the outside into shedding liquid — the cubes break and the sauce goes watery. Ten minutes in salted water near 80°C tightens the surface proteins slightly and warms the centre, so the cubes hold their edges. The salt also drives seasoning inward, which nothing you do later can achieve.

Notes

  • The sauce should be glossy and just thick enough to cling — not gluey. Add slurry in two goes and boil between them so you can judge the set.
  • Classically this is made with a small amount of coarsely minced beef or pork, fried until the fat renders. Mushrooms browned to dryness give the same savoury weight, but only if you drive off the water first.
  • Serve with plain rice and nothing else. The dish is deliberately salty and numbing; a side of anything competes.

Try butter, 30 minutes, braise, or an ingredient you need to use up.